Naltrexone (low-dose)

Low-dose naltrexone (LDN) is a treatment that involves administering a low dose of the medication naltrexone, typically in the range of 1-4 milligrams per day 1. This approach is based on the idea that naltrexone can help to modulate the body's response to stress and inflammation, and has been used to treat a variety of conditions, including chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) and Hashimoto's disease 2.

One way of thinking of CFS is that it is a state of hypometabolism, characterized by a deficiency of energy and a tendency towards inflammation and histamine production 1. LDN has been found to be effective in treating CFS by reducing the production of histamine and other inflammatory substances 1. In addition, LDN has been shown to be effective in treating Hashimoto's disease by reducing the production of anti-thyroid antibodies and promoting the production of thyroxine 2.

The mechanism of action of LDN is not fully understood, but it is thought to involve the modulation of the body's endorphin system 3. Endorphins are natural painkillers that are produced by the body in response to stress and injury, but excessive production of endorphins can lead to a range of negative effects, including pain, inflammation, and depression 3. LDN has been found to be effective in reducing the production of endorphins and promoting the production of other neurotransmitters, such as serotonin and dopamine 3.

LDN has also been found to be effective in treating a range of other conditions, including septic shock, brain atrophy, and tinnitus 3. In addition, LDN has been found to have antidepressant effects, and has been used to treat conditions such as anhedonia and depression 6.

It's worth noting that LDN should not be used continuously, but rather in short courses of 3-4 days, with breaks in between 5. This approach is thought to help to minimize the risk of side effects and maximize the benefits of treatment.